Water and Sanitation Group Discussion Notes

List Development (Categorizer)

Other Ideas and Principles

1. teach hands-on techniques
2. empowered by knowledge of how to produce for themselves
3. minimize equipment with moving parts
4. minimize energy inputs
5. advantage of light - security - cannot explode
6. engineer nature to give you back what you can use
7. work with the culture to explain how nature can sustain
8. pH swing to get rid of pathogens - solar sausage technology
9. chlorination is a problem
10. must be culturally sensitive
11. smart card to meter water use

Wastewater Treatment

1. dry pit latrines: extremely convenient for less than 6 mos: destructive after 6mos
2. Latrines - Plastic Digesters - cared for by 4 families
3. 3 stage community scale biodigestive system incl water hyacinths for treatment of biodigestor effluent

Water Supply

1. topography info gathered/water supply assessment
2. HDPE piping, plastic bladders, pvc barbed valves, standpipe w/distribution manifold
3. hot water solar washing/bathing w/black bladder on ground w/piston pumps on teeter totters
4. central wash house constructed with suitable materials or topography to provide necessary hydraulic head to supply clean water and to collect gray water
5. rainwater harvesting or catchment depending upon season ideal for longer term
6. install flex-pipe for atmospheric condensate - irrigation water delivery system where appropriate

Template

1. mobile emergency relief water treatment system
2. slow sand filters w/UV disinfection for drinking water
3. provide small-mouthed containers w/spigot and handle for carrying water: disease prevention
4. reeds/sludge treatment and water hyacinths/wetlands plants for secondary waste treatment - treated effluent suitable for irrigation
5. water pump powered by stationary bicycles (direct mechanical or direct electrical) - security - socially engineered to avoid tragedy of the commons - long term solutions would include solar or wind powered pumps

Project Template (Group Outliner)

1. Water Supply

1.1 Purpose of project: Provide immediate safe water supply1.2 Description: Mobile emergency relief water treatment system. Consumes 250 watts 12 VDC, treats 1 ton per hour, removes sediments, turbidity, pathogens, heavy metals, organics, nitrates. 1 cubic meter 100kg, can be carried by four persons. Can work with any 12 Volt source. Has onboard pumps for inlet and outlet
1.3 "stages of encampment": Emergency, Care & maintenance
1.4 How will this idea be integrated into life in the camp(s)? This equipment disinfects and treats water from almost any source. This in an alternative to chlorination. Daily with minimal operator training.
1.5 How does this idea relate to other project ideas?
1.6 Who knows how to develop and implement this project?: Ashok Gadgil, LBNL. WaterHealth Int'l. www.waterhealth.com.
1.7 Is this project applicable to displaced populations in other climates and cultures? : YES
1.8 What organizations must be involved, in order for this project to succeed? LBNL or WHI for training.
1.9 When can this project be ready for use? 6 mos.
1.10 Rough cost in people and materials: $15k per unit
1.11 Sources of support-who can provide: Advice, Technical assistance, money or in-kind contributions? Initially LBNL and WHI, afterward, any trained service support organization
1.12 Next steps: Who will do what next, and by when. UNHCR or NGO's need to order from mfg
1.13 Time required for project experiment (or first application). N/A - successfully prototype tested in Dhaka
1.14 How and by whom will first implementers be trained? By mfg WHI
1.15 Method for educating teachers whom will propagate this project in other circumstances?: N/A
1.16 By what measures will we know it works and is replicable? Periodically test water quality w/kits.
1.17 Barriers to implementation: financial, technical, legal, political, cultural, institutional, geographic, ethical, medical, and philosophical.: Potentially, cost and delivery
1.18 How to overcome barriers?: Money and information dissemination to potential customers and users.
1.19 List activities that must take place for this project to succeed. Include who will or should do each.: Beta testing after customer places order with mfg.
1.20 Successes with similar projects. N/A
1.21 Sources of reference material for this idea: LBNL

2. Slow sand filters w/UV disinfection for drinking water

2.1 Purpose of project: Supply safe water supply on long term basis by upgrading existing UNHCR sand filter technology by adding low power UV disinfection technology. This non-chemical method is superior for sustainable water systems.
2.2 Description: slow sand filter in handbook. UV disinfection consumes 60 watts disinfects 15 liters per minute (about 1 ton per hour) Adequate for 1000 persons at 20 liters per day. Can use 12 VDC (eg. solar PV), 110 VAC or 220 VAC power. Does not require pressurized water supply.
2.3 In which of the three "stages of encampment" will this project take place: Care & Maintenance, Durable solution
2.4 How will this idea be integrated into life in the camp(s)? Treat water output from slow sand filter to add a layer of safety to water supply.
2.5 How does this idea relate to other project ideas? Works in conjunction with slow sand filters to further improve water quality
2.6 Who knows how to develop and implement this project? Ashok Gadgil, LBNL, WaterHealth Inernational (www.waterhealth.com) Aquionics (santa barbara),
2.7 Is this project applicable to displaced populations in other climates and cultures? Yes.
2.8 What organizations must be involved, in order for this project to succeed? Refugee camp operators
2.9 When can this project be ready for use? Now.
2.10 Rough cost in people and materials: UVWaterworks costs about $1500 for 4 gpm. Maintenance needed by locally trained person every two months. UV Lamp needs changing every year.
2.11 Sources of support-who can provide: Advice, Technical assistance, money or in-kind contributions? LBNL, WHI, Aquionics
2.12 Next steps: Who will do what next, and by when. Refugee camp operators need to order.
2.13 Time required for project experiment (or first application). Done.
2.14 How and by whom will first implementers be trained? By mfg.
2.15 Method for educating teachers whom will propagate this project in other circumstances? N/A
2.16 By what measures will we know it works and is replicable? Have experience and certification. Can also do periodic water quality testing.
2.17 Barriers to implementation: financial, technical, legal, political, cultural, institutional, geographic, ethical, medical, and philosophical. Cost, energy needs, maintenance
2.18 How to overcome barriers? Donations of equipment, Training and education.
2.19 List activities that must take place for this project to succeed. Include who will or should do each. Place order and install and operate
2.20 Successes with similar projects. Worldwide use.
2.21 Sources of reference material for this idea. USEPA, LBNL, WEF, AWWA,

3. Wastewater treatment to provide irrigation water.

3.1 Purpose of project: Reuse of wastewater for irrigation.
3.2 Description: Reeds/sludge treatment and water hyacinths/wetlands plants for secondary waste treatment - treated effluent suitable for irrigation.3.3 In which of the three "stages of encampment" will this project take place: From UNHCR Manual: Durable solution
3.4 How will this idea be integrated into life in the camp(s)?: This treatment requires centralized bath and toilet facilities
3.5 How does this idea relate to other project ideas?: Sanitary and provides water for irrigation; conserves water because of multiple use of water.
3.6 Who knows how to develop and implement this project?: Common knowledge; requires technical expertise.
3.7 Is this project applicable to displaced populations in other climates and cultures? Yes
3.8 What organizations must be involved, in order for this project to succeed?: USEPA, USAID, World Bank, host nations, UNHCR, DFID and others
3.9 When can this project be ready for use?: NOW
3.10 Rough cost in people and materials: Mostly labor + $1-2 per person for materials + one month of technical consultant.
3.11 Sources of support-who can provide: Advice, Technical assistance, Michael Ogden, Greg Hurst, Jonathan Todd.
money or in-kind contributions?: see 3.8
3.12 Next steps: Who will do what next, and by when.: Michael Ogden's company will provide details. Anytime.
3.13 Time required for project experiment (or first application).: Done
3.14 How and by whom will first implementers be trained?: DFID, Univ of WI, USEPA, Michael Ogden, Jonathan Todd, etc.
3.15 Method for educating teachers whom will propagate this project in other circumstances?: Onsite training, total community.
3.16 By what measures will we know it works and is replicable?: Water quality testing. Currently more than 5,000 worldwide.
3.17 Barriers to implementation: financial, technical, legal, political, cultural, institutional, geographic, ethical, medical, and philosophical. Cultural avoidance of sewage on crops: institutional - perceived as permanent settlement solution.
3.18 How to overcome barriers?: Education and training.
3.19 List activities that must take place for this project to succeed. Include who will or should do each.: Need central bath house, toilet block and information dissemination to NGO's and aid organization.
3.20 Successes with similar projects.: Has been used worldwide in developing countries. Used in cold climates by Norwegian gov't and in US and Canadian gov'ts in plant zone 1.
3.21 Sources of reference material for this idea: www.USEPA.org and bibliography on www.nat-sys,