Food and Nutrition Group Discussion Notes

List of ideas (Categorizer)

1. Develop a list of ideas that this group could implement in the next 6 months.

2. Kidd ...emer needs nutrition feeding themselves vary by location ? What condition when they leave...what are they bringing with them...

3. super granola bar ...oats soy protein no meat no pork not sure more variety of vegetable products

4. first 3 rows in camp were women and children, next men healing from war wounds, women had ration cards

5. food aid....leakage of food

6. variety ..coffee tea spices grains

7. In the long term donor fatigue sets in. Oustide food deliveries start to slow down. Have to cut rations. Airdropped food costs $1600 per ton for beech craft delivery; most expensve food you can buy. If can use larger planes, costs go down; asphalt runways.

8. wise to eco force team with sea land container...easy and fast 4 or 5 people w/host country...learning center, givre skills what we preach.

9. Emergency food supply is stored away from camp...further than they can walk in one day.

Reasons why F&N are inportant

1. number of people , wrong mix, food is what funds wars.....sudenese wars continue because UN food program

2. how to provide without making food the currency of war

3. security of food supply is a major factor

4. buy regionally, WHP spends 100million....US wants to buy here.

Alternate scenarios to cross border refugee camps: preventative measures

1. Attractive nuisance: create an agro commons in advance of need that has an agro ecology.

2. Safe area scenario: preventative protection to stop refugee movement.

3. Monsarrat scenario: learn from how the Brits prepared.

4. Civil War suition is allowed to make safe areas UN in which they ccan supply food aid and aid for increased ..replaces need for food aid/saves money keep in own eco systems.

5. Concept is correct will not happen...chapter 6 ...early warning systems , keep people where they are. Cost vs chapter 6 or 7 ...color code indentify when people will move. Take breeding stock.

6. Need to develop an early warning system; remote sensing...envision another way. But this will not work in all siituations: natural disasters; irration acts such as 9/11.

7. early warning system...Monserant British island ......course correction

8. common network..commons perm places

9. jb here are lands, need restortation , displaced persons restore.

10. design ahead of time. Refugee labor pool to make host nation better

11. refugee is a 1951 term....internally misplaced persons..keep where they are..UN no war zone. Willing to let people get displaced

12. PS: develop a taxonomic key: if yes then "A", if no then "B". Down through multiple layers for all issued.

13. RK: If we were forcsting we would not be working on Spin Bolda. Al Queda is reconsitituting in Somalia. We shoudl be planning for some refugee camps there.

Appropriate cultural context: diet, foods, & farming

1. AW: in dense populations where wil people grow food?

2. SG: works even in urban areas

3. coping skills produce food ..? What is population before they move

4. unintentional variety of foods....the camps will cut firewood for fire...plants crop.

5. women get raped...walking back and forth, widows tent.

6. Solutions for each camp need to be customized, but based on standardized list of options.

7. The diet in camp can change people's coping ability. When they return to their villages they may

8. food for work ....cash for work ie get haircut....are there others

9. Current way of providing food in the camps creates a very unhealthy life style. Perception that everything is given to them and they don't have to do anything for themselves.

10. Typical day: woman wakes up, feed kids, takes 4-5 hours to get water; returns and washes/bathes kids, then 6 hours to get fuel for meal, feeds family, goes to bed.

11. PW: Seeds are an issue; sometimes unable to obtain the ones needed or appropriate. Peace Corps was about the only group collecting and distributing seeds.

12. PW: cannot separate out food and water. Assessment team: regional and local context

1. PW: make connection with the region; camp is embedded in the larger context.

2. Corrine: who decides what grows in this area? PW: Assessment team. Won't happen in the emergy phase, happens in teh care+ Maint phase.

3. food they carry

4. Is there water or no? What is the soil like? Assessment about longevity of the camp.

5. Available resources. Location of agricultural production. (PS: debris streams. SG: input streams).

6. PW: need idea of a growing calendar; planting times, harvest times, etc. Life cycle of the agricultural system.

7. RK: remnamts of war need to be assessed. eg. mine fields blocking access to water.

8. HE: Janine's assessment of the "locals" biota.

9. PW: regional context - where is the nearest city or village; status of local agriculture - sources of food and employment; schools, etc. Experts. Seeds, customs, receptability to new knowledge.

10. PW: for UNHCR needs, need to know when the hunger season is.

11. Huge displaced population inside Afganistan that are not in camps. PW: Who's going to take care of them? RK: Women's bakery program - phonemal success. Micro bakeries throughout Kabul. WFP brings in wheat, employs female head of households, sellls bread primarily to other women at a subsidized rate. Women's organization; a kind of micro credit. PW: two mail currencies are watershed restoration and economic restoration.

12. PW: offer better interst rates or micro credit lending rates if doing something that protects or restores teh watershed. HE: Hank PAtterson's ideas about intergenerational trusts to protect natural resources and mainatin their viability, eg fisheries.

13. RK: 5000 deminers; largest civilian employer in Afganistan. !00k people supported.

EcoTeam for areas with water

1. PS: "EAT" Eco-Action Team

2. Part of this team is local experts.

3. How to create a school for food. The team is there to set it up. Working with local poeple. With water, food production will be as large scale as possible. Without water, container gardens.

4. SG: key piece is teaching the teachers. RK: education is the key. It was the secret of the Taliban's successs; students only had one choice.

5. PW: lay the groundwork for dealing with donor fatigue. Eco Team is a preventative against poor rationing. Choose appropriate, involved cultural leaders for food distribution program. EcoTeam has no power; serve as facilitators.

6. HE: how is this different from what's being done today? RK: I can do a food asessment in 5 minutes.Local resources are not assessed or involved. SG: no focus on internal capacity building.

7. PW: team can get into ideas about what to do with the latrines (for example) after the emergency phase. PS: growing mushrooms in rice paddies in Vietnam. Example of a society that is recycling constantly.

EcoTeam for areas lacking water/rainfall

1. SG: some areas may have water, but lack technologies for capturing water.

2. Technologies to increase water capture

3. worst place finding water out of air.

4. Condensing water out of air---what's the best material---tent sides? List poss--what about bubble wrap?

5. PW: In areas with no water, sometimes the only water for food production is left over wash water. This requires very dfferent type of gardening.

6. SG: many natural agraicultural systems harvest water out of the air.

7. RK: Afgans are pro water collection; have done for thousands of years. A lot of their system was destroyed in the wars (20 years). Easy education piece.

Connect food with education

1. AW: every committee is talking about education. Is food really the first thing education shoudl be addressing?

2. PW: education is the way to deal with donor fatigue. The way to become self sufficient.

3. PM: most refugees are pastorialists. Don;t they know how to grow food?

4. AW: restrictions are much greater than they're used to.

5. HE: AW's example of Bogata women learning to grow rooftop gardens for Gaviotas.

6. Learn about growing food as an educational system.

7. What are the children doing all day? Helping their mothers.

8. Best dollar spent is to put young girls in school: Food for education!

9. SG: Use gardens to educate; learning gardens. Similar to "Living Lab" prgram in California.

Waste = food

1. AW: all waste shoud build soil; predesigned waste for food & nutrition and soil production.

2. PS: direct the waste stream in advance into food. Predetermined.

3. AW: someone at the UN can say "Oh yeah, we can do that". Corrine: just like the TV commercials for packaged food mixes. Put it in the oven and this is what you get.

4. PS: pictograms to tell refugees how it works.

5. Corrine: seeds spaced properly.

6. urine & feces into sheetflow compost system

7. AW: deal w/packaging so convertable into soil or some support for growning. So first emergency response begins to build fertility.

8. PS: packaging contains seed systems customized to local area. Where does the soil come from.

9. PW: all waste shodl be turned into soil substrate w/seeds and spores, or other useful impliments.

10. AW: supercharged wast

11. PS: inoculum.

12. PS: take immediate adgvantage of nutrients all persons are outgasing".

13. PW: unrealistic during the emergency phase.

14. AW: provide for eventual evolution of these systems as cam is initially set up.

15. SG: part of a trajectory. Planned transitions that promote development eventually desired.

16. PS: first get "footprint for life/nuitrition". Support with natural models; capture the nutrient cycles: urine, poop, cardboard.

17. AW: what issues w/incorporating human feces? PW: absolutely, especially in trpoics. Parasites. Need very high temperatures. WHO wilnot allow this to happen; major source of death in camps is all sorts of diseases.

18. PS: make composting and gardens remote fom teh camp.

19. PW: everything brought in by humanitarian aid has to be able to be turned into food.

20. PS: cardboard spon: sheet cardboard used for soil creation.

21. put species that will enhance vegetable production inside cardboard used to make the boxes nwhich food is distributed.

22. SG: reinvest in soil.

23. package can not be reuse as yet......cellophane reinvent

24. package in cardboard boxes to drop food....WFP wheat, oil, super,pulse...

25. kevelar bags can be reused wheat

26. oil...plastic container can be reused .....

27. sugar...bag is too large for the ration...needs to be moved to a secondary container ....waste of sugar

28. family box food for 5 days for 5 people. 2x18x18 cardboard dbl on outside.single on inside 2-4 months to reach this point.

29. items, how food arrives, how packaged, take as is given flour , whole wheat, by products,

30. PS: cardboard ariving at camp is impregnated with seeds and fungal allies. Delivery of refugee supplies, women in control, food inside the boxes, cardboard used to mulch the soil, seeds go down, end up with a little garden. Expand as have land, more boxes, etc. V: fantastic, but needs an incredibly good operationalization strategy/mechanism. Potential for black market. Education about how to use and how to tend. Requires local people.

31. V: people have to see it as the investment that it is. That which costs nothing is worth nothing.

32. PS: have patents on many of these ideas. AW: have manufacturing costs mapped out? PS: Like ot use egg carton cardboard. Corrugated on the outside, eggcarton on the inside, plastic laminated.

33. RK: food boxes are extremely expensive. Used probably from day 2 to day 60. Depending on how soon the bulk pipeline is set up. Want to get away from boxes as soon as possible.

34. PS: can manufacture this solution within a month. Have 20 mushroom kits out on the market. Sell them to kids.

Fastrack this idea. Info: Spin Boldak etc.

1. LT: atypical of refugee camps; close to area of agriculture. No irrigation provided to the camp - probably have wells. Refugees could aquire land and grow food; morelikely they will be employed on other local farms. Probably apretty good place for the refugees to be. RK: refugee food in the mktplace is not necessarily a bad sign. Monitoring what shows up in the mkts tells you about food in the camp. Asumes that it's coming from the refugees, not the distributer. That's where empowering women comes into play. LT: most vulerable people are widows and unaccompanied minors. Last ones to get teh food.

2. DS: can we anticipate there will be some intrest in agriculture? CW: abbsolutely.

3. PW: would people have taken seeds? RK: most of them have eaten their seeds. DS: and killed their livestock. PW: so procuring the right seeds ia major issue. Any mechanism w/in UNHCR? RK: Lead agency is FAO. If you want them 5 yearfs from now ask FAO. = Food & Agriculture organization.

4. DS: can we start off at an early stage and get some agriculture going? AW: if there is not sufficient space for gardens woudl small containers be acceptable? SW: Definitely. Whatever works. If women have ownership and is culturally appropriate and helps to feed their children. Visitor: that puts food production at a household level. SSW: schooling is actually outside the camp. V: schools are a good vehicle. Need to give smae emphasis to male as well as female. Important to look at both.

5. US policy says only female education. Not regulation ut focus through NGOs. Ended up in family breajkups. Forced boys into Taliban madrasses. AW: Rich gave us a very different picture; best bang for teh buck. Different argument; writ large.

6. LT: relates to one issue on food: food for school. CW: asked if woudl rather have food or cash; unanimous. Food - because of devaluation of currency. Women in charge of all foor related processes. PS: Afganis eat mushrooms? CW: yes, but not as a staple. V: MAinly root vegetables. No point bringing in beautiful carrots when nobody is going to eat them. Root veggies: onions, potatoes. No brocholli or brussel sprouts; cauliflower some time. Squasshes, lentils, wheat. Not liek in India. Very small amount of meat - lamb. Stew. Yogurt, dried fruit, apricots, almonds, pomegranetes.

7. AW: issues about growing root crops in small containers? No problem if deep enough. 8 to 12 " shodl be enough (SG).

8. V: How much agricultural work have women done? CW: Lots. Not restricted to specific stages such as planting or harvesting. PS: how is wheat harvested? CW: by hand. RK: Ideally they woudl have a horse cutting.

9. RK: Livestock. Horse - used to pull plow or turn a mill. Most horses are gone. Working cattle are gone, down to goats, mutton/sheep. Animals provide a lifeline; market commodity. Family asset hat give family choices; meat, dairy products, cash. AW: informatiove but useful? PS & V: yes, need to understand habits of population. RK: If can start rebuilding herds in teh camp, good thing. V: Womens groups in the camps. Bee keeping. Pasta making. AW: help me visualize how a refugee camp can have acceess to land to support gardens and herbs. LT: most camps are closed perimeters; essentially prisons. RK: sometimes a child tends animals; sometimes a collective herd. DS: can be enormous herds. AW: concerned with grazing animals and how fast they will be consuming grazing resources. Need to include fast growing forage. PS: I have a solution to that: increased ___ fold in 12 days. LT: wheat straw will cost you money. It's not wasted. AW demonstration projects? PS: yes in INdia and Africa. Women toally organize the projects and process. SG: in laces where difficult to get resources such as wheat straw...need to know carrying capacity of land.

10. RK: complicate issue on nutrition. To unlock nutritional value, need heat. If not fully cooked, don't get full food value. Fuel is a huge problem. Few forests that exist are being smuggled out to support teh war economy. Pulling wood out of houses to pay their way to camps. Mulberry trees are remaining food and fuel crops. Prune back.

11. V: Animal dung is major fuel in Pakistan. RK: can still see wood piles along the road in Afganistan.

12. PS: any resistance to planting hybrid pouplars? Water is an issue. Tamarisk is bad on water and soil (salt). "Salt Cedar".

13. SG: think shrubs. LT: in Spin Bola 5" of rain annually (a guess) when not in drought. Need irrigation for agriculture. Traditional watercourses, deep wells.

14. DS: sharing fm energy group in terms of fuel. Fuelwood - idenifying species. Kerosene; rarely used as a cooking fuel. Asks CW does butane exist? No. Possiblity of black market in Kerosene. Methane is used; hooked up to a generator; drives on outlet per family per day. Great universities in Kabul produced many engineers and doctors. Methane is a strong possiility. Renewabel resources can meet all requirements in ohouseholds. Dust precludes sun in windy conditions, but then have the wind.

15. RK: food which doesn't need cooking gets very boring very quickly. CW: fuels for cooking also used to heat up the room. Drawback to methane because don't get that heat. CW: in refugee situations, ambient heat is often the probelm.

16. RK: Spin bolick is a bad place: too cold in winter, too hot in Summer. Kids do not have the strnght to fight off the cold.

17. AW: thinking about methane for coking. Don;t imagine a family's waste woudl geneerate enough methane for heating. RK: landmines effect food production. Farther afield you go, probability equation. In west put too much emphasis on mine removal. If community nows where they are, they wil vavoid them. Northern Chad, mined wells, no alternative. In Afgnistan, plenty of land, have alternatives.

18. DS: do families need their own plot, or is communal ok?

19. CW: traditional is extended family; sometimes can go nbeyond the immediate family. Women will not do communal farming with men from other families. No strange men lurkign around.

20. PS: bring in the appropriate species; repair teh riparian zone; evolves intot the ecosystem. HE: or corallary to teh Gaviotas. Pines bringing back the rainforest. PS: tap into the university, have best Afgani experts chose the appropriate flora. RK: that guy is probably driving a taxicab and won't go back for any amount of money!

21. PS: I have tose students in my courses now. AW: only problem is finding those guys. Once you find them you can work it out. SG: In neighboring countries there is simalar expertise we can tap into.

22. AW: Brain drain problem. Just focus on taxi dricvers in NYC. What talents do they have, what woudl it take to get them hback in the game!

23. RK: Biggest anxiety in US Afgani families is that their kids don;t know the country. Biggest resources is coping mechanism. NAtural capitalism.

24. SG: Back to the assessment: go tot eh place; learn that place.

25. PS: fungi are keystone species. Mushrooms attract files, magotts, birds, other species. Full restoration.

26. AW: anything big that we forgot? Especially what we just heard from our visiting experts?

27. SG: extended family groups - implications. AW: CW's response, small containers - confirmed that this woudl be a good option, gives controll. Communityplot at schools. Adding chickens might make mushroom idea more palitable. What other kinds of little animals do they have. RK: typical Afgan home compound. Use as a model for refugee camp. Gate, housing (extended family) along 1 or 2 walls ("L"). Animals in opposite corner. Outdoor sitting area in the center. Fruit tree, pot of veggies or melons or grapes or tomatoes. AW: grapes are good in bad soil, and in hot and cold climates. Large herd will be exterior. Chickens, milk goat, camels inside the compound. 2 or 3 families in here. E.g. father and two sons.

28. PS: callling his school for names of students from teh region. Pasthuns? Yes.

29. RK: have seen compppounds with no green inside, others that are lush. PS: how about this as a model for community garden at theRK: the veil entered Islam as a sign of prestige. Village will decalre itself a family, so women can work unveiled. When "guests" come in all the women have to veil. school? Developed over time.

30. PS: zero peole from Afganistan, 67 people from PAkistan, initiated contact w/PS interested in cultivating mushrooms. Pasthuns mostly.

31. RK: Univ of KAbul was a Polytech. Lots of old AID guys taught there.

32. RK: Use of roofs: in the south used for drying. IN the north, terrains are so steep, tops of houses are used for growing. SG: reinforces idea of container gardens.

33. AW: something else CW threw into the mix was small animals. SG talked also about grazing.

34. PW: how to get cubes of soil in areas where people are really stuck? SG: egg cartons. PW: compost with large amounts. PS: a community Project Template (Group Outliner)

1. Area 1 Assessment team produces all sector (holistic) manual for durable solutions {#70}

1.1 Purpose of project Get the best information possible to allow structuring the best possible response. {#74} Take long term approach to refugee cycle: mitigate environmental damage, safeguard against donor fatigue (future nutrition loss), educate people for future return need purpose. {#72}

1.2 Description Assessment team produces all sector (holistic) manual for durable solutions {#106} multi agency and full refugee cycle - nobody does it right now. How do we get from emergency to care and maintenance phase. {#71} In all areas: economic, social/cultural, environmental ("the locals") {#73} This assessment is for the full refugee cycle; from the immediate emergency through the care and maintenance cycle. Also is is comprehensive and integrated; not currently done even initially. that's what makes it unique. {#76} Team of outside & local experts paired immediately assess topography, biology, hydrology, human activities; appropriate diet, foods & farming practices; available materials (including human knowledge & coping skills), intellectual and material; regional context/access to tools; nutritional status of incoming people. {#77} The pressing needs for this type of assessment are: - need for long-term environmental management and - guaranteed nutrition that maximizes local production and guards against donor fatigue - prepare returnees for durable solution upon return to their homes (post refugee gated community in Santa Barbara) - invest in natural capital of the host country - value added benefit. - to provide useful and transferable educational opportunities within the camp so the system i self perpetuating. {#78}

1.3 In which of the three "stages of encampment" will this project take place: From UNHCR Manual - Emergency, Care & maintenance, Durable solution Can take place any time; ideally before there is a movement. {#79} In all stages, preferrably even before there is an emergency. Impact is on the care and maintenance and durable solutions phases. {#80} Also during post refugee situation. {#81}

1.4 How will this idea be integrated into life in the camp(s)? that's what makes it unique. {#83} Several ways: - collective interagency planning - small holder container gardesn - through vehicle of food delivery system - through small holder and container gardens - through water catchment for irrigation - through women and children participation - through watershed and ecological land restoration of the host country {#82}

1.5 How does this idea relate to other project ideas? Ties into school in a box, education, energy, health, provents dependncy syndrom {#84}

1.6 Who knows how to develop and implement this project? Individuals: - someone who has a holistic viewpoint - Peter Warshall Organizations: - food providers (international) - food producers (local) {#85}

1.7 Is this project applicable to displaced populations in other climates and cultures? yes {#86} b {#87}

1.8 What organizations must be involved, in order for this project to succeed? Can be done by the food team only, but ideally it needs to be an integrated response of all agencies involved. See Eco-Team project. {#88}

1.9 When can this project be ready for use? Beneficial socila virus comes in and effects eerybody, pulls people into the new process. Ideally this needs all agencies to buy in and participate. BSV is the way to make this change happen. {#89} What is easiest way to get funded: private sector. {#90} 45 days to find all players and set up the team for teh first go around; greater efficiencies as skills develop. Will take at least two weeks to do the assessment. {#91}

1.10 Rough cost in people and materials: At least 10 people of which 5 are local NGOs. 10 people for 30 days x individual fees. Say $30K in salaries + 30K in costs(travel) + $15K for translators = $75K. {#92} This does not include the initial marketing of the assessment concept. {#104}

1.11 Sources of support-who can provide: Advice, Technical assistance, money or in-kind contributions? - private sector donations - when figure out what camp we're going to... - those organizations that provide food aid. Incentive is to reduce their costs. The greatest incentive. {#93}

1.12 Next steps: Who will do what next, and by when.

1.13 Time required for project experiment (or first application). see above (45 days + 2 weeks) {#94}

1.14 How and by whom will first implementers be trained? NA {#95} see EcoTeam {#96}

1.15 Method for educating teachers whom will propagate this project in other circumstances? NA See Eco Team. {#97} Create a body of expertise within the international community writ large. A virtual guild; sustainable relief experts. {#98}

1.16 By what measures will we know it works and is replicable? When food costs go down, when nutrition is beter, when we see gardens and food containers, when an iooverflight looks green rather than brown. {#99}

1.17 Barriers to implementation: financial, technical, legal, political, cultural, institutional, geographic, ethical, medical, and philosophical. Interagency conflict, vested interests, resistence to new ideas - risk averse environment; cross-sector rivalries experience. Requires interdisciplinary cross-agency thinking and action. Tensions between region and camp; attractive nuisance scenario. Unexpected cultural barriers and other unforseen barriers. {#100}

1.18 How to overcome barriers?

1.19 List activities that must take place for this project to succeed. Include who will or should do each. Convince food providing agencies to use revolutionary packaging. {#101} It's not UNHCR. Would have to start at the top, or be such a good idea that people will fall all over each other to get on board. {#102} Probably needs to be a private organization such as the Soros Foundation. {#103}

1.20 Successes with similar projects.

1.21 Sources of reference material for this idea

2. Area 2 EcoActionTeam (EAT {#105}

2.1 Purpose of project Coordinate and impliment actions determined by assessment team, for a full cycle multi-sector {#107} Pair with local native agriculturalists and agroforesters {#108} Teach the teachers...on downstream. Ever expanding chain of knowledge. {#109} Deal w/packaging so convertable into soil or some support for growning. So first emergency response begins to build fertility. All debris flows are turned into soil, seed beds and other impliments (e.g. kevlar can be rewoven). {#129} Increase camp food production {#144}

2.2 Description Connect food with education. Connect food and watershed restoration with food delivery systems. Start for instance cash for work, food for work... {#110} RK: is this team a permanent presence in the camp? Yes. For agencies coordinate, so that it becomes nt just a delivery point, but an in point learning point; organizational point. Ecology team determines how the camp works. Maybe evolves to a local dominated team, with one UN advisor. Monitors holistic healt h of the camp and works to improve it. Creates not just a knowledge base but a knowledge process. Prevents narrow sector activities from harming human ecology of the camp and surroundings. Each agency agrees to run their project through this team; team becomes the governence of the camp. Ensures that the natural capital is maintained. {#112} Connect food delivery system to cash for work or food for work or school for work or watershed restoration activities for work. {#130}

2.3 In which of the three "stages of encampment" will this project take place: From UNHCR Manual - Emergency, Care & maintenance, Durable solution C&M/DS {#113}

2.4 How will this idea be integrated into life in the camp(s)? see description {#114}

2.5 How does this idea relate to other project ideas? see description {#115}

2.6 Who knows how to develop and implement this project? god, mohammad, ghandi {#116} no organization exists (that we know of). Many NGOs have pieces; e.g. doctors without borders. {#117} The people at this conference KNOW how to do this, but implimenting is another issue. Ask Eric R.! {#118}

2.7 Is this project applicable to displaced populations in other climates and cultures? yes {#119}

2.8 What organizations must be involved, in order for this project to succeed? all {#120} UNHCR, FAO, WFP, local NGOs, OXFAM, UNICEF, {#121}

2.9 When can this project be ready for use? Form follows funding {#122} requires change in mindset {#123}

2.10 Rough cost in people and materials: $million in salary; 4 people, 2 years, 2 people in thrid year - expats. Local salaries: est. $250K office space, equipment: satellite comm $250K travel RR benefits $500K annual operating cost $50K x 3 years = $150K entrepreneurial support $50K Total $2.2 million {#124}

2.11 Sources of support-who can provide: Advice, Technical assistance, money or in-kind contributions? see previous charrette notes (infrastructure group) {#125}

2.12 Next steps: Who will do what next, and by when. Approving agency authorizes concept {#126} Eric gets god's OK. {#127}

2.13 Time required for project experiment (or first application).

2.14 How and by whom will first implementers be trained?

2.15 Method for educating teachers whom will propagate this project in other circumstances?

2.16 By what measures will we know it works and is replicable?

2.17 Barriers to implementation: financial, technical, legal, political, cultural, institutional, geographic, ethical, medical, and philosophical.

2.18 How to overcome barriers?

2.19 List activities that must take place for this project to succeed. Include who will or should do each.

2.20 Successes with similar projects. 2.21 Sources of reference material for this idea

3. Area 3 Waste equals food {#128}

3.1 Purpose of project Deal w/packaging so convertable into soil or some support for growning. So first emergency response begins to build fertility. All debris flows are turned into soil, seed beds and other implements (e.g. kevlar can be rewoven). {#131}

3.2 Description All packaging and waste brought to or produced within the camp will be converted ... {#132} AW: question about the timeing. Alot of the packaging arrives during emergency phase. PS: like idea of introducing at earliest phase. AW: means assessment and EAT have to happen early. PW: see if can repackage bulk shipments in such a way that supports this concept. This happens during the 2 to 4 month time period, before camp switches to bulk food. AW: how often do family boxes come in? PS: each box becomes an ecological footprint. CUlturally sensitive, ecologially specific, etc. {#133} PW: how during WFP deliveries in bulk, how do we continue getting seeds and spores out. PS: how many times do the seed packets need to be delivered. PW: repeatedly given ... {#137}

3.3 In which of the three "stages of encampment" will this project take place: From UNHCR Manual - Emergency, Care & maintenance, Durable solution Emergency + Care & maint. {#139}

3.4 How will this idea be integrated into life in the camp(s)? thru food distribution and delivery & equipment delivery systems. Plus teachers. {#140}

3.5 How does this idea relate to other project ideas? realtes to health, water catchment for micro irrigation; wastewater use, education for repatraition. {#141} watershed restoration. Economic - cottage industry, entrepreneurial; "refugee shitake" {#142}

3.6 Who knows how to develop and implement this project? Fungi Perfecti {#134}

3.7 Is this project applicable to displaced populations in other climates and cultures? Yes {#135}

3.8 What organizations must be involved, in order for this project to succeed? Food delivery organizations & UNHCR {#138} womens groups {#143}

3.9 When can this project be ready for use? 3 months {#136}

3.10 Rough cost in people and materials:

3.11 Sources of support-who can provide: Advice, Technical assistance, money or in-kind contributions?

3.12 Next steps: Who will do what next, and by when.

3.13 Time required for project experiment (or first application).

3.14 How and by whom will first implementers be trained?

3.15 Method for educating teachers whom will propagate this project in other circumstances?

3.16 By what measures will we know it works and is replicable?

3.17 Barriers to implementation: financial, technical, legal, political, cultural, institutional, geographic, ethical, medical, and philosophical.

3.18 How to overcome barriers?

3.19 List activities that must take place for this project to succeed. Include who will or should do each.

3.20 Successes with similar projects.

3.21 Sources of reference material for this idea